- Aplasia (agenesis)
The agenesis
(aplasia) of teeth, usually called hypodontia (missing up up to
5 teeth), is one of the most common abnormalities. It preferably
concerns the permanent teeth. The high-grade conditions of aplasia
(oligodontia, missing over 6 teeth, anodontia, missing all teeth)
are separated from the moderate conditions of missing teeth (hypodontia).
Oligodontia and anodontia are usually inherited and may be accompanied
by other disorders. Since aplasia usually has a genetic basis,
the portion of the persons with hypodontia is far above population
average in the case of siblings
- Back pain
Teeth can cause back pain.
A millimeter of misalignment in the jaw means a compensation of
one centimeter in the spine. This often leads to tensions in the
neck and to twists on the vertebrae. Therefore, first of all a
functional analysis should be made and then it should be clarified
whether there is a link between the teeth and/or jaw malposition
and the back pain.
- Bionator
The bionator is
a removable function-orthodontic appliance that takes effect on
both jaws. It corrects the bite and improves the biting as well
as the occlusion. The appliance is very effective, particularly
in the growth phase of children and teens.
- Bleaching
Discoloured teeth
affect each smile – as radiant as it may be. With bleaching
methods teeth can regain their naturally fresh colour within a
short time. The bleaching of teeth is a very old method and in
principle nothing can be argued against it. It should, however,
be performed by a specialist.
- Brackets made of ceramic
Brackets made of
ceramic offer a white colour and a high quality. The tooth-coloured
effect results from the high light permeability. Usually the patients
feel better with the white brackets, because they show the natural
beauty of their teeth and not the gloss of silver metal. Brackets
made of ceramic get no marks and do not become discoloured. On
the day of the removal they look just as attractive as on the
day the orthodontist put them on the teeth.
- Brackets made of stainless steel
The brackets are
fastening elements lasered onto thin metal plates. The metal plates
are being glued onto the teeth and this is enabling them to seize
and move each individual tooth. There is a special bracket for
each tooth. In modern brackets the information for the correct
position of the tooth is stored in the trenches.
- Carpus X-ray
With a Carpus X-ray,
the stage of growth of the body and therefore of the jaws is determined.
In the case of teens, a carpus X-ray is made when the jaw growth
is crucial for the treatment success. At the same time, the expected
final body length at the termination of growth can be calculated
relatively accurately.
- Carriere distalizer
The carriere distalizer
is the nearly invisible alternative to the external braces (headgear);
its position is in the mouth and it has the same effect as a headgear.
- Distraction osteogenesis
The distraction
osteogenesis is a procedure whereby the continuous pulling apart
of two pieces of bone fragments a newly formed bone in the fracture
gap can be used for an extension of the bone. The advantage of
the method is that external bones or bone substitution material
does not have to be used and thus the infection risk is reduced.
- Double feed plate
The double feed
plate system serves the simultaneous adjustment of the sagittal
receding of the lower jaw and the transversal stretching of the
lower and upper jaw. The double feed plates are used for the elimination
of the receding of the lower jaw, for the aid of lower jaw growth,
for the growth inhibition of the upper jaw, for single-tooth
transpositions, for the erection of mesially tilted molars after
milk tooth loss, for the width development of the jaws, for the
retroclination of the upper anterior teeth, for the proclination
of the lower anterior teeth, for the arch coordination, and for
the bite elevation.
- FJO device
"Functional jaw
orthopedic device". These removable devices act jointly on both
jaws; they correct the bite and improve the biting and the occlusion.
The devices are the most effective in the case of children and
teens during their growth phases. But even in the case of adults
their deployment may be useful.
- Frenulum
Shortened frenuli
can lead to severe impairments in speech and swallowing. Therefore,
the accresion should be resolved by surgery as soon as possible.
- Functional analysis
The clinical
(manually operated) and instrumental functional analysis is a
method of diagnostic assessment, treatment preparation and therapy control.
- Headgear
The face arch
is used when the upper teeth or the upper jaw are too far forward.
The headgear slows the frontward growth of the maxilla and enables
the mandible " to catch up" with the maxilla due to its natural growth.
- Herbst appliance
The Herbst appliance
is a fixed appliance from bilateral telescoping attachments between
the upper molars as well as the lower molars and the canines for
adjustment of the lower jaw forward.
- Invisalign
It became possible
to treat without brackets using a revolutionary method. Invisalign
(invisible: nearly invisible align: straighten) is the name of the new
therapy. A series of nearly invisible thermoforming sheets make
it possible to move teeth into the desired position. State of
the art computer technology and three-dimensional analyses are
in use.
- Nearly invisible braces
Invisalign or
lingual method: by the means of both methods the teeth can be
corrected almost invisibly. Which method is the best for you depends
on the objective of the treatment and should be clarified during
the counseling session.
- Lingual method
“Lingual” means
„on the side of the tongue“. By means of the lingual method a
correction with the help of fixed braces that are fixed to the
inner part of the teeth is possible. The fixed apparatus behind
the teeth cannot be seen. Especially for adults this presents a
crucial advantage.
- Mandibular prognathia – Surgery
In the case of
the mandibular prognathia the lower jaw is extended, the chin
and the lower lip are protruding. The anterior teeth of the lower
jaw bite before those of the upper jaw. Depending on the anatomical
relations and the forms the lower jaw is being separated in the
area of the jaw angle and the tooth-carrying lower jaw is being
set back. The separated parts of the jaw are being fixed at the
right position by means of screws and mini plates.
- Mandibular retrognathia - Surgery
In the case of
the mandibular retrognathia the lower jaw is shortened and the
chin is receding. The anterior teeth of the lower jaw often bite
into the palates. During the surgery, the lower jaw is separated
in the area of the jaw angle and the tooth-carrying lower jaw is
being forward-spaced. The separated parts of the jaw are being
fixed at the right position by means of screws and mini plates.
- Maxillary prognathia - Surgery
In the case of
the maxillary prognathia, the anterior tooth row of the upper
jaw is placed too much in the front. The upper lip is pre-curved
and an unconstrained lip closure is not possible. Frequently the
lower front teeth bite into the mucous membrane of the palate.
During the surgery, the bone of the upper jaw basis is excavated
and the basis of the upper jawbone including the mucous membrane
of the nose is being separated on both sides. That way it is possible
to set the upper jaw forward and/or back and if necessary somewhat
higher. In this position it is fixed with the help of screws and
plates.
- Maxillary retrognathia - Surgery
In the case of
the maxillary prognathia, the anterior tooth row of the upper
jaw is placed too much in the rear. The upper lip appears too
short and the face appears haggard. Frequently the anterior teeth
bite scarcely one on the other in an end-to-end bite. If the maxillary
retrognathia is not being treated, an early damage of the periodontium
and a premature loss of the anterior teeth of both the upper jaw
and the lower jaw can occur.
- Mouthguard
A mouthgard is
recommendable especially in the case of the following sports:
ice hockey, moutain biking, roller-skating, boxing, etc. For
the individual production of the mouthgard, the orthodontist must
take a dental imprint of the upper and lower jaw. The mouthguard
completely encloses the upper tooth row. A “bite relief” between
the tooth rows flexibly absorbs suddenly impacting pressure and
protects the teeth against blows, and head, arm and shoulder impacts.
- OIG
OIG is the abbreviation
for "orthodontic indication groups", the scheme for the classification
of orthodontic treatment needed.
- Grade 1: slightly misaligned teeth, which can be treated
for aesthetic reasons, namely, their treatment is, however,
offered only as a private services
- Grade 2: a malocclusion, which makes a correction necessary
for medical reasons, the cost of treatment, however, is
not taken over by the statutory health insurance.
- Grade 3: a distinctive teeth and/or jaw deformity that
requires a treatment for medical reasons
- Grade 4: a higly distinctive teeth and/or jaw deformity
that makes urgent treatment necessary for medical reasons
- Grade 5: an extremely distinctive teeth and/or jaw
deformity that absolutely requires treatment for medical reasons
The cost of treatments for Grade 3 to 5 are being taken
over in accordance with statutory conditions of the statutory
health insurance.
- OPG
The OPG is an
overview X-ray. It shows the current conditions of the tooth change,
the tooth arrangements in the jaw, deformities of the teeth, the
conditions of the tooth roots and the periodontium.
- Pendulum appliance
The pendulum apparatus
is a fixed set of braces in the upper jaw in order to move the
molars to the rear. It serves for the space procurement e.g. in
the case of lack of space for the canine teeth. That way the removal
of the permanent teeth can be avoided. It is an alternative to
the external braces.
- Positioner
The positioner
serves for the ideal micro-adjustment of the teeth and brings
the teeth into an ideal position during the final stage of the
treatment. It is made of elastic rubber material and enables tooth
movements on all three levels.
- Problems with intervertebral disks
Teeth can cause
intervertebral disk problems. At least once in his or her life
every second German citizen has had back pain. Intervertebral disk
problems are furthermore the most frequent cause for sick leaves at
the working place. The teeth are firmly rooted in the jaws and have
influence on the position of the spine via the skull. Our masticatory
musculature can unfold on the one hand enormous power when biting
and on the other hand it can control motions up to a preciseness
of a few hundredths of a millimeter. In the intact dentition, each
tooth is located in a completely determined contact to its counter-tooth.
Thus the teeth are afflicted perpendicularly; the masticatory power
is distributed evenly on the jaw. If the contact between tooth and
counter-tooth is perturbed, for instance, by the loss of a tooth
or by badly adjusted bridges and crowns or by poorly aligned residual
teeth, this can bear far reaching consequences. The musculature
of the jaws tries to adjust the false contact by stronger tightening.
A chain reaction is put in train. If the false contact remains
over a longer time, this can have consequences for the spine and
down to the feet. A millimeter of poor alignment in the jaw means
a compensation of a centimeter in the spine.
- Retainer
At the end of
the active treatment the patient gets a retainer, which ensures
that the teeth remain in their positions. The retainers are small
wires, which are glued onto the inside of the teeth. It is important
that they are not being bent or broken by biting off hard food.
- Retention splints
At the end of
the active treatment the patient gets retention plates, which
provide for the straight teeth in order to remain in their position
and not to migrate back until the new situation and the new bite
has been stabilized.
- Rubber bands
Intra oral rubber
bands are made of latex or they are latex-free. They produce energies,
which move the teeth by normally having a group of teeth “work”
against each other.
- Rubber rings
Rubber rings,
so-called Alastics serve to fasten the arch to the brackets. Alastics
come in many different colours, but also in a transparent version.
- Screws
In some braces
there is a screw for adjustment. The screw is to be adjusted the
way it has been shown by the orthodontist. The direction in which
it is to be turned is particularly important; it is marked with
an arrow. After turning the screw, the braces exert a little pressure,
and that is normal. If the braces do not fit after turning the
screw, the braces were worn either too little or the screw was
turned too much. Please make an appointment for an intermediate
check-up in this case.
- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems
Early contacts lead the lower jaw into a bad position without
consideration of the ideal temporomandibular joint position.
A continuously strained musculature cannot only lead to emissive
muscular pains and temporomandibular joint problems, but can
also have lasting temporomandibular joint damages or arthroses
as a consequence.
Typical pain zones
Typical pain zones within the range of the participating
muscle groups can be formed due to incorrect occlusion and
eradiate into wider ranges.
Clicking noises
Clicking noises point to a diseased alteration within the
joint. The most frequent cause is the subsiding of the joint
disk from the joint head and the jumping back into the original
position.
- Thumb sucking
Thumb sucking
is the most frequently occurring bad habit in children. It should
be stopped after the completion of age 3 because the thus caused
deformations of the jaw will not find a natural adjustment lateron.
Children with a craving for a sucking finger are nowadays given
a pacifier, which can later be overcome more easily than the sucking
finger. Sucking belongs to the most frequent causes for the emergence
of the sucking related open bite. If the sucking is not stopped
in time, the open bite can be transferred to the permanent dentition.
Thumb sucking can lead to a narrow jaw in the upper jaw and a
layback in the lower jaw. A vestibular plate or a function-orthodontic
appliance can help when breaking the habit of sucking.
- Vestibular plate
The application
areas of the vestibular plate are tongue dysfunctions, lip biting,
lip chewing, too weak lip musculature, thumb sucking and fingernail
gnawing. Since these habits can sometimes lead to tooth position
anomalities, unfavorable growth of the jaws, speech problems (lisping)
and lack of masticatory function and sometimes as well as to mouth
breathing, they should be stopped as early as possible. The vestibular
plate restores the normal balance on the one hand between the tongue
and the lips and the cheek pressure on the other hand, the position
of the tongue is being trained, the breathing through the nose is
established and the tooth position anomalies are corrected.
- Wisdom teeth
The wisdom teeth
usually break through at adult age. Many people have problems
with them. Nearly half of all wisdom teeth have to be removed.
The older one gets, the more difficult the surgery becomes. If
you let the wisdom teeth be removed in time, you can avoid complications.